自2015年开始，我国政府就相继出台多项政策鼓励工业互联网发展。近半年来，各地区纷纷落实部署相关政策，发布地方工业互联网发展的配套方案。在中国制造业转型升级的大环境下，业内人士普遍认为，工业互联网已经成为我国制造业高质量转型之路的方向。可是，从国外工业互联网发展来看，这条路却并非坦途。前不久，有媒体报道GE公司将出售旗下Predix为代表的工业数字资产，而另一边西门子公司则通过收购mendix公司，不断加码工业互联网布局。从国内情况看，曾以36天创造最快过会记录的工业互联网概念股——工业富联上市4个月后破发。工业互联网的发展如此“扑朔迷离”，如何认识工业互联网显得至关重要。

    “只有我们真正了解了工业互联网是什么？为什么？怎么才能让它在工业发展和互联网、实体经济深度融合上真正发挥作用，我们才算抓到了点子上。”这是10月8日2018中国(绍兴)工业互联网创新发展论坛上，原工信部副部长、北京大学教授杨学山发表《换个角度看工业互联网》主旨演讲时的观点。为此他在演讲一开始就提出了三个问题：“工业互联网的使命究竟是什么？互联网思维适用于工业互联网吗？制造业由大变强过程中的互联网作用是什么？”

工业互联网姓“工业”

    “工业互联网姓‘工业’，不姓‘互联网’。”杨学山重复着两年前在萧山中国工业数据大会上的论断，“也就是说，工业互联网的使命是为了工业发展的现代化，是为了制造业由大变强，为了中国工业真正走上高质量发展之路。这个过程当中使用互联网和带动互联网发展是副产品，不是主题，主题是工业的发展。这是至关重要的认识。”

       杨学山继而解释：“300年工业发展历史是一个技术推动着产业和市场进步的历程。所以，它的供给形态和需求形态实际上是由技术体系决定的。”如何认识技术体系？杨学山表示，如今的技术体系是工业技术、信息技术和智能技术合在一起走向智能制造，这也是工业的大方向，而互联网只是信息技术的一个组成部分。在从机械化走向智能化发展的过程中互联网在其中扮演的是配角。

杨学山认为，现在的基础设施不再是单纯的工业化基础设施。“如今的基础设施是已经存在的工业化的基础设施和已经存在的信息基础设施，再加上智能控制之后信息基础设施和工业基础设施合在一起的支持整个社会经济、管理、生活的新型基础设施”。从这个角度看互联网只是信息网络的一个组成部分。“互联网一定不是信息网络的全部，特别是工业。”杨学山强调。

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