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二位四通电磁换向阀工业元件图片(堵住其中二口B和T口,即为二位二通阀)。二位二通电磁换向阀在液压系统中的典型应用是与溢流阀并联组成卸荷回路。是利用二位二通电磁换向阀的卸荷回路。1为液压泵,2为溢流阀,3为二位二通电磁换向阀,4三位四通双电控“O”型中位电磁换向阀,5为液压缸。当二位二通电磁换向阀3通电时,泵排出的液压油以接近零压状态流回油箱以节省动力并避免油温上升。注意该回路不适宜大流量的液压系统。
电磁换向阀在液压系统中的作用是用来实现液压油路的换向、顺序动作及卸荷等。由于电磁铁的推力有限,电磁换向阀应用在流量不大的液压系统中。
(1)结构原理
电磁换向阀是液压控制系统和电气控制系统之转换元件。它由液压机械中的按钮开关、限位开关、行程开关、压力继电器等电气元件发出信号,使电磁铁通电吸合或断电释放,从而直接控制阀芯移位,来实现油流的沟通、切断和方向变换,来操纵各执行机构的动作。推动故障检查按钮可使滑阀阀芯手推移动。
电磁阀产品是自控系统中不可缺少的执行器元件。由于电磁阀体积小,开关速度快,接线简单,功耗低,性价比高,经济实用等显著特点而被普遍运用于自控领域的各个环节,发挥着巨大的作用。电磁阀是一-种流体控制阀,尽管其优势众多,但选型的准确与否直接影响到阀门本身的使用效果及系统的稳定,甚至会给整个自控系统带来严重后果。较机械设备上常用的气动电磁阀及液压电磁阀相比,管路系统中的流体电磁阀在选型上及使用上均比单一介质复杂许多。
DB/DBW型先导式溢流阀
1.结构分析
DB和DBW型压力控制阀是先导式溢流阀。它们用于限制( DB型),或用电磁铁限制及卸荷系统压力( DBW型)
该溢流阀(DB型)的组成主要包括带主阀芯插件(3)的主阀(1)和带压力调节组件的先导阀(2 ) DB型溢流阀油路A中的压力作用于主阀芯( 3 )上。同时,压力经带节流孔(4)和(5 )的控制通路(6 )和( 7 ),作用在主阀芯( 3 )的弹簧加载侧及先导阀(2)的球(8)上。
如果A口的压力超过弹簧(9)的设定值,球(8)克服弹簧力(9)而使先导阀开启。该信号经控制信道( 10 )和(6 )从A口内部获取。主阀芯(3 )弹簧加载侧的油液经过控制通路(7 )节流孔(11 )和球阀(8 )流入弹簧腔( 12)对DB..5*/.- .型它由控制通路( 13 )内部引入油箱, 而对DB.. 5...型经控制通路( 14 )它由外部弓入油箱。节流孔(4 )和(5 )在主阀芯(3 )两端产生压降,因此A到B连接通道被打开。油液由A口流向B口,而设定工作压力保持不变。
溢流阀借助油口X ( 15 )可对不同压力(二级压力)卸荷或切换。
4、ZDR 6 D型减压阀
1.结构分析
ZDR 6 D型减压阀是叠加式结构三通直动式减压阀,它对次级回路有减压功能。用于系统压力减压。
其组成主要包括阀体( 1 )控制阀芯( 2 )压缩弹簧( 3 )和调节组件(4 )以及可选单向阀。由调节组件( 4)设定二次压力。DA型在静态位置,该阀常开, 油液可自由地从油口A1流向油口A2。油口A2压力经控制油路( 5 )同时作用于压缩弹簧对面的活塞面积上。当油口A2的压力超过弹簧(3 )设定值时, 控制阀芯(2 )移至控制位置,油口A2的压力保持稳定。
信号和控制油经控制油道( 5 )从油口A2内部提供。如果油口A2的压力由于外力作用于执行器而继续升高,阀芯就继续向压缩弹簧(3 )方向移动。这样油口A2经控制活塞(2)上的台肩(9 )与油箱连通。足够的油液流回油箱,以防止压力进一-步升高。弹簧腔(7 )经孔(6 )至油口T ( Y )由外部泄油至油箱。
压力表接口(8 )用于阀的二次压力监测。
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液压是机械行业、机电行业的一个名词。液压可以用动力传动方式, 成为液压传动。液压也可用作控制方式,称为液压控制。
液压传动是以液体作为工作介质,利用液体的压力能来传递动力。
液压控制是以有压力液体作为控制信号传递方式的控制。用液压技术构成的控制系统称为液压控制系统。液压挖制通常包括液压开环挖制和液压闭环控制。液压闭环挖制也就是液压伺服控制,它构成液压伺服系统,通常包括电气液压伺服系统(电液伺服系统)和机械液压同服系统(机液伺服系统,或机液伺服机构)等。
一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成,即能源装置、执行装置、控制调节装置、辅助装置、液体介质。液压由于其传递动力大,易于传递及配置等特点,在工业、民用行业应用广泛。液压系统的执行元件(液压缸和液压马达)的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能,从而获
得需要的直线往复运动或回转运动。液压系统的能源装置(液压泵)的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能。
液压系统组成
一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成,即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、辅助元件和工作介质。
动力元件的作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能。动力元件指液压系统中的液压泵,它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵、柱塞泵、螺杆泵。
执行元件的作用是将液体的压力能转换为机械能,驱动负载作直线往复运动或回转运动。执行元件有液压缸和液压马达。
挖制元件(即各种液压阀)在液压系统中控制和调节液体的压力、流量和方向。
根据控制功能的不同,液压阀可分为压力控制阀、流量挖制阀和方向控制阀。压力挖制阀又分为溢流阀(安全阀)、减压阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等:流量控制阀包括节流阀、调整阀、分流集流阀等:方向控制阀包括单向阀、液挖单向阀、梭阀、换向阀等。根据控制方式不同,
液压阀可分为开关式控制阀、定值控制阀和比例控制阀。
辅助元件包括蓄能器、过滤器、冷却器、加热器、油管、管接头、油箱、压力计、流量计、
密封装置等,它们起连接、储油、过滤和测量油液压力等辅助作用
工作介质是指各类液压传动中的液压油或乳化液,有各种矿物油、乳化液和合成型液压油等
几大类。液压系统就是通过其实现运动和动力传递的。
液压元件可分为动力元件和挖制元件以及执行元件三大类。尽管都是液压元件,它们的自身
功能和安装使用的技术要求也不尽相同,现分别介绍如下:
动力元件:指的是各种液压泵,齿轮泵、叶片泵、柱塞泵、螺杆泵。
1、齿轮油泵和串联泵(包括外啮合与内啮合)两种结构型式。
2、叶片油泵(包括单级泵、变量泵、双级泵、双联泵)。
3、柱塞油泵,又分为轴向柱塞油泵和径向柱塞油泵,轴向柱塞泵有定量泵、变量泵、(变量泵又分为手动变量与压力补偿变量、伺服变量等多种)从结构上又分为端面配油和阀式配油两种配油方式,而径向柱塞泵的配油型式,基本上为阀式配油。);
执行元件:液压缸和液压马达,液压缸有活塞液压缸、柱塞液压缸、摆动液压缸、组合液压缸:液压马达有齿轮式液压马达、叶片液压马达、柱塞液压马达:
控制元件:方向控制阀、单向阀、换向阀;
压力控制阀:溢流阀、减压阀、顺序阀、压力继电器等:
流量控制阀:节流阀、调速阀、分流阙:
辅助元件:除上述三部分以外的其它元件,包括压力表、滤油器、蓄能装置、冷却器、管件{主要包括:各种管接头 (扩口式、 焊接式、卡套式,sae法兰)、高压球阀、快换接头、软管总成、测压接头、管夹等}及油箱等,它们同样十分重要。