机器人产业未来发展不可缺少的八大技术
摘要:机器人市场已经在全球范围内爆发式增长,未来的机器人发展将会更加智能化,更贴近人类思维。在此趋势下,有八大技术是机器人未来发展中必不缺少的组成部分。
目前,各个国家对机器人技术都是异常重视,人们生活对智能化要求的提高也促进了机器人的发展,在这样的背景下,机器人技术的发展可以说是一日千里,本文整理了机器人未来发展所依赖的八大技术:
软体机器人控制技术
机器人在大部分人眼里一直都是像擎天柱一样的钢筋铁骨,不过事实并不总是这个样子的。最近,来自美国普渡大学的研究人员就发明了一种由轻质惰性泡沫材料制成的软体机器人,为了让它像机器手臂一样可以自由弯曲,研究人员还在在泡沫材料的表面覆盖了一层特殊的“衣服”,而这层聚合物纤维在受热的情况下可以自由改变形状和坚硬度,作用就如同附着在骨骼上的肌肉一般。
该项目的负责人称,这种能够变形收缩的机械纤维将被广泛用于机器人领域,而他们也有计划以此为基础研制新型飞行机器人。另外,由于成本低重量轻,机械纤维机器人十分适合用于太空探索,要知道每多将一克物质送上太空,整个发射成本都会显著增加,而美国航空航天局也已经开始着手研究这类软体机器人。不仅如此,对于医疗领域来说机械纤维也是一种极好的材料,比如可以制成骨折病人的外固定支架,在提高固定效果的基础上又减轻了患者的负担。
机器人透视技术
据国外媒体报道,目前,美国加州大学最新研制一款具有“透视眼”能力的机器人,在两个机器人之间释放无线信号,通过测量信号强度的变化,将观察发现墙壁内部的物体。该技术可用于寻找困陷在建筑物中的伤员,或者监控家中的老年人。
该系统是由美国加州大学科学家Yasamin Mostofi博士最新研制的,这两个机器人装配着轮子,一个释放无线信号,另一个探测接收信号强度。
当机器人环绕正方形混凝土建筑物时,彼此离开视线范围之内,它们能够计算出建筑物内部的事物,甚至可以识别出人类。其工作原理是当途经墙壁和其它物体时,测量信号强度的衰减程度。
通过测量无线信号的衰减情况,机器人可以绘制一张视觉地图,呈现观测大约100秒的透视景象。研究人员指出,这项研究结果非常令人满意,误差不超过5厘米。
研究小组表示,我们的目标仅是使用无线信号透视厚墙壁观察完全未知区域。这项技术可由任何无线激活装置实现,目前我们赋予机器人“透视眼”功能。
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