第1章常用电动机控制电路
?1.1 概述
继电器—接触器控制电路由各种低压电器所组成。
一个最简单的三相异步电动机控制电路，可以用一个闸刀开关控制
电动机的启动运行和停止。
实际应用中要达到自动控制的要求，电路中需要借助各种开关、继
电器、接触器等电器元件，它们能够根据操作人员所发出的控制指令信
号，实现对电动机的自动控制、保护和监测等功能。
1.2三相异步电动机直接启动控制电路
? 1.2.1三相异步电动机的启动问题
三相异步电动机的启动过程是指三相异步电动机从接入电网开始转
动时起，到达额定转速为止这一段过程。
三相异步电动机在启动时启动转矩并不大，但定子绕组中的电流增大
为额定电流的4～7倍。这么大的启动电流将带来下述不良后果。
（1）启动电流过大造成电压损失过大，使电动机启动转矩下降。同时
可造成影响连接在电网上的其他设备的正常运行。
（2）使电动机绕组发热，绝缘老化，从而缩短了电动机的使用寿命。
（3）造成过流保护装置误动作。
因此：三相异步电动机的启动控制方式有两种： 一种是直接启动控
制；另一种是降压启动控制。2.采用刀开关控制的异步电动机启动电路
实物示意图电气控制线路
图
电路的工作原理是：
（1）合上电源开关QS 三相异步电动机通电电动机启动；
（2）断开QS 电动机断电停转。General Electric 3 pole Circuit Breaker E425 E11562 
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