KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08近几年来,变频节能技术兖州矿区的地面和井下提升、通风、采煤、运输、选煤等各种矿山设备控制系统得到了广泛的应用,对国内同行具有很好的参考价值。
一、KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08在提升系统应用
1、矿用提升机变频调速控制的特殊功能
兖州矿业(集团)公司南屯煤矿通过对矿用提升机变频调速控制的研究,使其特殊功能得到正常应用,取得了良好的效。
①直流制动的作用。当重车需在井筒中间停车时,变频器由高速平滑地降到低速,随之施加一个直流制动信号使提升机停止,机械制动起作用后方可去掉直流制动信号,使重车靠机械抱闸的作用停在中间。启动时先对电机施加一个直流制动信号,当检测到机械抱闸打开方可去掉直流制动信号,加上启动电压,提升机转动。机械抱闸抱紧状态一直在变频器检测下,一旦机械抱闸打开马上给电机施加直流制动信号,确保避免重车“溜勾”现象。
②S形速度曲线。为减少运行的机械冲击,在变频器启动与停止过程中最好做到加速度是连续的,即S形加、减速曲线。当井下及井口停车倾角很小时,要求提升机运行速度很低,否则会出现“松绳”现象。另外,井筒罐道要求变频器能以不同频率工作。根据现场情况,变频器可设置5个频率段主令控制器的不同位置对应不同的直流控制电压,即对应不同的运行频率。
③KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08自动限速保护。当运行接近终点时给出一个减速信号,接到此减速信号后,如主令控制器已操作减速,则变频器按主令控制器的操作改变运行速度;若收到减速信号后主令控制器没有正常操作,则自动启动机内的自动减速程序,将变频器工作频率按预定要求逐步改变为低速运行。这对于预防“过卷”是十分必要的。此外,当提升机带有测速发电机给出超速信号时,变频器也能自动减速。
④连锁开机功能。提升机开机须按给出命令操作。当给出“上行”或者“下行”命令的时候,如人员操作与命令不符,连锁功能就对此操作不响应,变频器不启动。连锁功能是保证安全运行的重要措施。
⑤对再生能量的处理。变频器的主回路采用双向逆变方案。
2、KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08井下绞车电控系统变频技术应用
兖州矿业(集团)公司兴隆庄煤矿在十采区JBT-2×1.8绞车电控系统成功采用变频技术。其设计满足《煤矿安全规程》、GB3836.1-4-2000《防爆规程》、GB50070-1994《矿山电力设计规范》、《煤矿提升绞车安全检验规范》、JB4263-2000 《交流传动矿井提升机电控设备技术条件》、JB8516-1997《矿用提升机和矿用提升绞车安全要求》、MT/T834-1999《煤矿用提升信号装置通用技术条件》等要求,使绞车运行系统得以优化。
电控系统和保护系统采用变频调速技术,输入电源660V、50Hz,电压允许波动范围-15%~+10%,允许频率波动范围±2.5%,输出功率200kW,输出频率0~50Hz连续可调。过载能力强,在负载变化为-120%~+120%额定负载时能满足四象限运行要求;低频运转时,有自动转矩提升功能,能保证100%额定转矩;有过压、欠压、过流、断相和功率元件过热等保护。
控制箱采用快开门方式,电气控制采用双PLC全数字控制系统,两套PLC与硬件电路互相冗余完成绞车提升控制与数字监控,同时在PLC故障时能分别完成临时应急提升。控制系统配备正常操作而设置的各种保护,其中的防止过卷装置、过速装置、限速装置和减速功能保护设置为相互独立的双线形式。系统还具有各种保护试验功能。声光信号与控制回路具有闭锁功能,未发信号不能开车,发出信号的时间次数记忆不少于30天。深度指示采用数字显示,能准确清楚显示出矿车在巷道中运行位置。深度指示一旦失效能迅速断电停车。绞车控制具有手动、自动、检修运行及远程控制等操作方式。检修时能手动操作,运行速度0.3~0.5m/s,操作方便可靠。变频器采用模块式结构,出现故障时能方便查找故障点并及时进行更换,维修简单。操作台除有正常的各种操作开关与按钮外,还有深度、速度、电压、电流、油压和温度等指示,比较直观。
二、KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08矿井主扇风机实现自动化调频控制
兖州矿业(集团)公司杨村煤矿和山东省煤炭科学研究所将可编程序控制器成功应用于该矿南、北风井主扇风机自动化变频系统,与国内使用单片机、工控机进行改造的类似项目相比,无论是可靠性还是参数变更灵活性都具有不可比拟的优越性。
1、此项成果的主要功能如下
①系统自动化控制。PLC接到运行指令时,判断运行机号和运行方式。若为低频方式则驱动低频接触器吸合,延时0.4s发出变频器运行令,电机启动至设定频率风门绞车开启扇风机进风门,前导器执行机构打开扇风机前导器,使扇风机进入工作状态。若为工频方式则控制风机降压启动,当启动电流降至设定值时停掉降压启动接触器,吸合运行主接触器,风机转入全速运行状态,30s后风门及前导器自动打开。
②风量闭环控制。风机低频运行时,风量由给定信号控制。该信号与风量传感器反馈信号同时进入PLC的A/D模块,经CPU比较调节后,输出信号由D/A模块送至变频器频率设定接口,调节变频器输出频率,从而改变风机转速。
③风机低频故障转换。PLC在风机低频运行中自动检测变频器运行情况,变频器出现高中时自动切除低频系统使风机转入工频运行。
④电机过流保护。电机变送器将主回路电路电流信号转换后送入CPU内部功能存贮器,CPU在每个扫描周期将该数据与内部电流设定值比较,超过设定值即进行保护。
⑤KULICKE & SOFFA 01483-4204-000-08风门行程精确控制。PLC开闭风机风门时,安装在风门绞车主轴上的轴编码器将风门行程转换为数据信号送至高速记数模块,待其译为BCD码后存入内部存储器,CPU在每个扫描周期将BCD数据与行程设定值比较,超出设定值即停车。
----商务热线---厦门兴锐达自动化设备有限公司
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