“靠目前的农民工队伍，怎么实现制造强国？”
3BSE045584R1 AO845A不少劳动密集型制造企业向记者反映，一线工人的技能水平难以满足企业高效的生产需求，越来越成为企业当下最大的困扰。
“熟练工车间一个月可以生产7万双鞋，而新招来的工人只能生产2万双。”福建晋江天贸鞋业公司总经理何明勇说，“不少新员工连机器都摸不熟练，基本的裁剪、走线都不够整齐，直接影响了企业产品的竞争力。国家提出制造业的发展规划，相应的一线工人也需要提升版本。”
3BSE045584R1 AO845A人社部数据显示，近年来全国农民工人数总量增速下降，劳动力供给已从无限供给向优先供给转变。2014年全国农民工人数增长501万，增幅为1.9%，较2013年水平回落0.5个百分点。国家发改委经济研究所副所长宋立说，面对劳动力减少的预期，市场更需要升级“人力资源”为“人力资本”，为产业发展寻找创新动力。
面对高企的劳动力成本，企业也逐渐探索以智能制造替代人工生产。“虽然实施智能制造以后对工人的数量需求减少了，但是对劳动力素质的要求大大提高了。”工信部装备工业司副司长李东说。
多位受访的业内人士也指出，“机器换人”一方面将大量代替简单的人工劳动，另一方面也会提供更多高技能需求岗位。传统工人可以通过培训学习机器操作和配合作业，在新的岗位中实现更高的生产效率。
3BSE045584R1 AO845A然而，在多地制造企业走访时发现，“工人2.0”的打造仍然面临诸多现实困难。不少企业和一线工人认为，劳动力素质提升难的根本问题首先在于制造业一线岗位“低人一等”的社会偏见。
上海外高桥造船公司总经理王琦表示，现在年轻一代工人觉得工厂工作苦、不体面，更愿意去第三产业。以外高桥2万多名员工的来源地为例，以前以江浙一带为主，而现在多来自广西、贵州等相对偏远地区。京东方科技集团副总裁张宇说：“计划经济时期的八级工、九级工很受崇拜。现在人们崇尚当白领，一线技工地位难比当年。如何培养出数量更多、质量更高、愿意投身制造业的技能型人才，需要加倍重视。”
3BSE045584R1 AO845A同时，工人流动性、不稳定性增强也使企业的培训成本大大提高。目前我国外出务工人员的组织形式以长辈带领同村同乡人组成的“打工游击队”最为常见，工人们依靠亲友提供的信息频繁跳槽，很少真正在一个领域里长期学习技能。
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OKUMA E4809-045-122-C
OKUMA E4809-032-397-E
OKUMA E4809-032-396-B
YASKAWA JANCD-MB21-2
YASKAWA CPCRMR-055
YASKAWA JANCD-MIO04
YASKAWA JZRCR-XCO02B
AB 1394-CSJT22-D
Emerson FX-8500
FANUC A16B-1213-0070
OKUMA E4809-045-013-D
OKUMA E4809-436-016-C
FANUC A20B-0005-0690
OKUMA E4809-045-010-A
YASKAWA JZNC-IRK22M-ZEG1100
FANUC A20B-0005-0720
YASKAWA JUSP-ACP25JAA
FANUC A20B-1002-0360
OKUMA E4809-436-093
OKUMA E4809-770-059-B
AB 1394C-SJT05-A
FANUC A16B-1200-0450
