3BSC610064R1 SD831发现这个简单的问题对博士来说是一个巨大打击，这令他左右为难。因为他自己写的小说却证明了他历尽艰辛创立的软件没有价值。从Creative Ou tput公司董事长的立场来说，OPT软件必须继续销售，但是他的良心又不允许他这么做。终于，高德拉特博士彻底丧失了继续销售OPT的自信，他主动辞去Creative Out put公司董事长一职，以他父亲的名字命名，新创办了一家“AvrahamY.GoldrattInstitute（简称AGI）”公司。这家公司的目的是进一步发展OPT背后与生产理念相关的新变化，并致力于在世界范围内宣传推广。
3BSC610064R1 SD831高德拉特博士将OPT软件背后的思维方式命名为“TOC”（Theory of Constraints：中文译为约束理论）。这是因为OPT排程法着眼于工厂的瓶颈工序，即生产的制约因素。此后，博士又在TOC排程法的基础上，进一步开发了对约束环节集中进行改善的方法。这就是后文将讲到的生产改善五步骤。
另外，博士认为现在企业广泛采用的标准成本系统以及在此基础上建立的生产部门评价指标会阻碍TOC的实际应用，因此提出“有效产出会计”的新概念。
思维流程的开发
在积极推动上述活动的过程中，高德拉特博士又发现了新问题。第一，推动TOC生产改善方法时，作为决策的制约因素往往成为大的阻碍。改变这些决策，则意味着多部门之间将因为更加复杂的问题产生更多的冲突，从而导致状况停滞不前。
第二，即使通过TOC生产改善方法提高了产能，相应的企业销售情况却不尽人意。当这种情况变得越来越糟时，生产部门将不可避免地面临裁员。但是，一旦裁员开始，已经在这些部门付诸实施的生产改善活动将前功尽弃。连曾经推动改善的部门也沦为牺牲品，结果陷入最糟的境地。对此，高德拉特深感在生产部门实施改善的同时，必须同时设法扩大市场的必要性。
3BSC610064R1 SD831在这个背景下，一种被称为“思维流程”（Thinking Process，即TP）的新方法诞生了。思维流程以处于对立面的根深蒂固的复杂问题为对象，提出非妥协性的突破方案，是一种在实践中应用的系统化方法。
从20世纪80年代后期，高德拉特博士着手开发思维流程时开始，到1994年出版解释该理论的小说《绝不是靠运气》为止。终于，TOC的有效性和可信性开始被人们广泛接受，这种新方法除了用于解决制造业市场和决策制约等生产以外的问题，还用于解决服务业和军队等广泛领域的各种问题。
通过APICS协会推广普及
至此，TOC通过《目标》和《绝不是靠运气》等小说开始广为人知。另外，更多与TOC相关的知识通过高德拉特博士创办的AGI公司以及各种衍生的TOC中心等几家专业机构、学术平台和咨询师等面向大众推广传播。现在，与生产管理和生产系统相关的普通教辅书中还没有与TOC相关的内容。
但是，从20世纪90年代开始，美国生产及库存管理协会（APICS协会）中的一些有识之士开始致力于向大众普及和推广TOC理论。APICS还为此专门成立了一个叫制约因素管理（constraints management）的专门研究小组，从1995年开始在每年春季召开年会。
3BSC610064R1 SD831至此，继20世纪70年代TOC理论创立，经过20多年漫长的岁月，TOC终于跻身世界著名管理理论之列。可以说，在这一点上，TOC与诞生之初在很短时间内就得到普遍推广应用的MRP有着巨大的不同
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CHARMILLES BOARD 854 443 854443
VICTOR RELAY BOARD CARD 4002-01 400201
FANUC A20B-2900-0701 /01A A20B29000701 SRAM MODULE DAUGHTER CARD
FANUC A20B-0050-C552 A20B0050C552 OPTION UNIT
NEW YASKAWA CACR-IR 010101FB CACRIR010101FB
FANUC A16B-1210-0430 /03A A16B12100430 AXIS BOARD CARD
YASKAWA JANCD-I003E JANCDI003E ALSO JANCD-I0O3E MOTOMAN DF8203498-C0
SIEMENS CONTROL BOARD CARD 6FX1122-2AC02 6FX11222AC02
FANUC MOTHER MAIN BOARD A16B-1010-0040 /03D A16B10100040
OKUMA E4809-045-205-A E4809045205A OPUS 7000 ASSEMBLY CONTROLLER BOARD CARD
FANUC A20B-2002-0520 /04A A20B20020520 I/O BOARD CARD
FANUC HITACHI A87L-0001-017 A87L0001017
OKUMA MAIN BOARD CARD E4809-045-091-C E4809045091C
CHARMILLES BOARD 853 493 853493
Modicon PC-F984-685 PCF984685 Programmable Controller
YASKAWA JANCD-1001B JANCD1001B REV A YASNAC CONTROL BOARD DF8000020
OKUMA MAIN CARD MEMORY BOARD 911-1522-E48 9111522E48
YASKAWA JANCD-MCP02B-1 REV D JANCDMCP02B1 BOARD
CINCINNATI MILACRON POWER BOARD 3 531 4130A 35314130A
YASKAWA BOARD DF7000062 /C
CHARMILLES BOARD 854 444 854444
Allen Bradley 1394-AM03 /B 1394AM03 AC SERVO AXIS MODULE
OKUMA E4809-032-496-F E4809032496F SERVO PROCESSOR TIMING
MAGNETEK GPD333-A005N4 GPD333A005N4 5HP
CHARMILLES BOARD 852 365 852365
OKUMA E4809-045-038-C E4809045038C MAIN BOARD CARD RS232
HITACHI SEIKI IN91016-HS-1 IN91016HS1 RELAY BOARD
FANUC A20B-1003-0760 /02A A20B10030760 MASTER MOTHER CHASSIS BOARD
YASKAWA JZRCR-XSU02 JZRCRXSY02
SAFTRONICS YASKAWA VFD AC DRIVE CIMR-G3U4011 CIMRG3U4011 15 HP
FADAL GRAPHICS BOARD 1420-1A 14201A
OKUMA FDC BOARD CARD E4809-045-062F E4809045062F
COSEL PCM75E-2 PCM75E2 POWER SUPPLY
TEKNIC SDT-3000-829 SDT3000029 S Vector Servo Drive
YASKAWA CIMR-MT-18.5K CIMRMT185K VARISPEED 626MT II 18.5kW SPINDLE DRIVE
FANUC AC SPINDLE SERVO DRIVE UNIT A06B-6044-H046 A06B6044H046
FANUC VELOCITY CONTROL UNIT A20B-0004-0170 /05C A20B00040170
OKUMA E4809-747-005-A E4809747005A PPS-60C
EMERSON EN-204 EN204 DIGITAL SERVO DRIVE
FANUC BOARD A20B-0008-0480 /02A A20B00080480
FANUC A06B-6058-H222 A06B6058H222 AC SERVO AMPLIFIER
MITSUBISHI BN634A639G51
FANUC A20B-1000-0913 /04A A20B10000913 INT. CONVERTER
YASKAWA BOARD DF8000006 /B
CHARMILLES BOARD 854 441 854441
CHARMILLES BOARD 853 497 853497
CHARMILLES BOARD 852 368 852368
CHARMILLES BOARD 852 371 852371
CHARMILLES BOARD 854 440 854440
CHARMILLES BOARD 854 445 854445
CHARMILLES BOARD 853 438 853438
CHARMILLES BOARD 853 488 853488
Hitachi J300-075HFU J300075HFU 15 HP
YASKAWA JANCD-I004C JANCDI004C MOTORMAN I/O BOARD DF8203751-A0
FANUC A14B-0076-B104-01
