3BSC610067R1 SD834中国电子信息产业发展研究院院长罗文称，数据下行所反映的严峻态势可以用“高原爬坡”来形容，“今年前两个月，我国规模以上工业企业的整体利润率大约只有4.9％，在这种情况下，资金会流向房地产和股市而不是进入制造业，进而带来更大压力”。
3BSC610067R1 SD834记者在走访中感受到，尽管数据不容乐观，但并不能简单地用“好”或者“不好”来评判当前我国制造业的真实状态，多种矛盾现象并存、多重复杂形态交织，才是“中国制造”的真实写照。
转型关口面临重重考验
汇率波动幅度加大、劳动力和原材料成本上升、全球市场需求复苏缓慢等负面因素持续影响中国制造业。经过30多年的持续高速增长，我国制造业所处的市场基础与社会环境发生了根本变化。多位业内人士和专家认为，能否让自身发展和社会需求实现磨合与对接，才是此轮“转型考验”的根本压力所在。
身处转型关口的中国制造业正面临重重考验。
3BSC610067R1 SD834转型考验之一是大批制造企业怎样从满足国际市场需求为主转向满足国内国际市场需求并举。
华南美国商会会长哈利·赛亚丁说，过去两年中一个明显趋势就是单纯以中国为制造基地的代工企业生存艰难甚至大批关停并转，但以中国市场为销售目标的制造企业如宝洁、美赞成、安利以及跨国汽车巨头都在不断增资扩产，根本原因就是多年的经济增长已经让中国市场发育壮大、同时社会成本普遍攀升，这也就意味着“中国制造”实际上已经不能和“世界工厂”简单画等号了，而应该主要以满足“中国需求”为出发点。以商会为例，截至2014年底，其会员企业中已经有79％是专门为中国市场提供产品和服务的，这和2003年前只有23％形成了鲜明对比。
“外资企业尚且如此，中国很多本土企业特别是出口型就更需要企业从人员培养、队伍建设、产品定位等多方面实现转变，否则就会被淘汰出局。”赛亚丁说。
3BSC610067R1 SD834转型考验之二是制造企业如何从规模扩张为主转向质量提升、技术突破和文化引领为主。
中国社科院工业经济研究所所长金碚指出，在经过30多年的持续增长后，我国已经是当之无愧的全球制造业第一大国，但一个国家的工业化进程不仅要看“流量”也要看“存量”，而后者正是我们的欠缺所在。“从表面看，好像我们的制造业已经没有发展空间了，但深入看，除高铁等个别领域外，大部分产业的技术制高点都不在中国，这和过去我们的工业发展总体是平推式的、缺乏高度和深度有直接关联。历史和现实都表明，提升制造业素质不是靠投资就可以实现的，再往下走就要靠技术突破、文化引领，这种改变是艰难的、痛苦的，也是相当一部分企业可能迈不过去的关口所在。”他说。
3BSC610067R1 SD834经济专栏作家吴晓波则认为，在经过30多年的持续发展后，我国已经形成了一个稳定且有影响力的中产消费群体，他们对消费品和工业制成品的要求正在从数量要求向品质要求转变，“他们的出现，实际上就构成了‘中国制造’的转折点。”
转型考验之三是国内制造业比较优势如何从政策优惠和资源廉价为主向产业链条完备和市场制度完善为主转变。
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ELOX BOARD CARD 13373-0 /C 133730
YASKAWA JANCD-MCP01 REV D04 JANCDMCP01 CONTROL PROCESSOR BOARD
FANUC A16B-0190-0010 A16B01900010 BOARD
COSEL MMC50-1 MMC501 POWER SUPPLY
FANUC A20B-0006-0200 /01A A20B00060200
NEW EMERSON DXE-480 DXE480 SERVO MOTOR
FANUC MAIN MOTHER CARD DA20B-2000-0170 /06B DA20B20000170
MURATEC MAIN CONTROLLER BOARD Z90-25090-50 Z902509050
FANUC POWER INPUT SUPPLY A14B-0061-B110 A14B0061B110
FANUC A16B-2200-0900 /02A A16B22000900 MAIN CPU BOARD
CHARMILLES BOARD 854 443 854443
VICTOR RELAY BOARD CARD 4002-01 400201
FANUC A20B-2900-0701 /01A A20B29000701 SRAM MODULE DAUGHTER CARD
FANUC A20B-0050-C552 A20B0050C552 OPTION UNIT
NEW YASKAWA CACR-IR 010101FB CACRIR010101FB
FANUC A16B-1210-0430 /03A A16B12100430 AXIS BOARD CARD
YASKAWA JANCD-I003E JANCDI003E ALSO JANCD-I0O3E MOTOMAN DF8203498-C0
SIEMENS CONTROL BOARD CARD 6FX1122-2AC02 6FX11222AC02
FANUC MOTHER MAIN BOARD A16B-1010-0040 /03D A16B10100040
OKUMA E4809-045-205-A E4809045205A OPUS 7000 ASSEMBLY CONTROLLER BOARD CARD
FANUC A20B-2002-0520 /04A A20B20020520 I/O BOARD CARD
FANUC HITACHI A87L-0001-017 A87L0001017
OKUMA MAIN BOARD CARD E4809-045-091-C E4809045091C
CHARMILLES BOARD 853 493 853493
Modicon PC-F984-685 PCF984685 Programmable Controller
YASKAWA JANCD-1001B JANCD1001B REV A YASNAC CONTROL BOARD DF8000020
OKUMA MAIN CARD MEMORY BOARD 911-1522-E48 9111522E48
YASKAWA JANCD-MCP02B-1 REV D JANCDMCP02B1 BOARD
CINCINNATI MILACRON POWER BOARD 3 531 4130A 35314130A
YASKAWA BOARD DF7000062 /C
CHARMILLES BOARD 854 444 854444
Allen Bradley 1394-AM03 /B 1394AM03 AC SERVO AXIS MODULE
OKUMA E4809-032-496-F E4809032496F SERVO PROCESSOR TIMING
MAGNETEK GPD333-A005N4 GPD333A005N4 5HP
CHARMILLES BOARD 852 365 852365
