IC693UDR005LP1 翻转课堂中知识内化过程及教学模式设计*□赵兴龙习场所的变化不能完全影响，或者说替代不了真实的师生互动的教学过程，也还不足以让教和学的关系发生本质变化。翻转课堂的基本要义是教学流程变革所带来的知识传授的提前和知识内化的优化。从这个意义上说，流程要素仅是定义翻转课堂的重要要素之一。作为真正意义上的翻转课堂，还需要添加另外两个要素：技术要素和环境要素。翻转课堂应该更名为“翻转‘教’‘学”’，关键是教师和学生之间的关系、地位和作用发生了本质的变化。翻转课堂在教学应用中容易出现师生关系失位、知识难度越位、适用对象错位等局限性，根源在于对翻转课堂的定位停留在流程翻转的层面上，忽视了翻转课堂背后隐藏的知识内化的基本原理。翻转课堂主要通过教学流程翻转，分解知识内化的难度，增加知识内化的次数，促进学习者知识获得。对翻转课堂教学模式进行设计时，要根据渐进式知识内化的特质和翻转课堂的三个构成要素，从宏观、中观和微观三个层面综合考虑。既保证不给教师和学生增加额外负担，又使教学媒体、教师培训、教学环境满足需求。教师在具体实施翻转课堂过程中，要遵循知识内化基本原理，根据课型、学情分析，选择恰当的教学策略。
*IC693UDR005LP1 国家科技支撑计划“教育云规模化应用示范”项目（2013BAH72B00）之“优质教育随着电子书包、电子课本、平板电脑、智能手机等不断推出各式各样的新应用，人们逐渐认识到不断革新的技术与翻转课堂之间存在着某种内在的联系：先进技术为翻转课堂实施提供的可能性越大，翻转课堂为先进技术的应用提供的发挥空间越广阔。翻转课堂与先进技术的这种”契合“，给当前网络环境下的课堂教学改革带来了一种”思考冲动“，甚至未来课堂的某些理念也可能在翻转课堂中找到影子。在以往的研究中，我们厘清了翻转课堂的基本要义，对翻转课堂的先进性和局限性进行了系统深入的阐述。（赵兴龙，2013a）但是这样的理论研究并未对翻转课堂的领悟产生一个令人满意的效果。翻转教学自身定位不好，容易产生师生关系”失位“、知识难度”越位“、适用对象”错位“等局限性。（赵兴龙，2013a）只有正确认识翻转课堂的内涵，厘清翻转课堂中学习是如何发生的，才有可能设计恰当的翻转课堂教学模式，提升课堂教学质量。
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