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安全阀有弹簧式和杆式两大类。另外还有冲量式安全阀、先导式安全阀、安全切换阀、安全解压阀、静重式安全阀等。弹簧式安全阀主要依靠弹簧的作用力而工作，弹簧式安全阀中又有封闭和不封闭的，一般易燃、易爆或有毒的介质应选用封闭式，蒸汽或惰性气体等可以选用不封闭式，在弹簧式安全阀中还有带扳手和不带扳手的。杠杆式安全阀主要依靠杠杆重锤的作用力而工作，但由于杠杆式安全阀体积庞大往往限制了选用范围。温度较高时选用带散热器的安全阀。

安全阀顾名思义是保证压力管道、压力容器的关键安全应用保障，为了保证安全阀的正常工作及延长安全阀的使用寿命，在使用中应做到定期检查运行中的安全阀是否泄漏，卡阻及弹簧锈蚀等不正常现象，并注意观察调节螺套及调节圈紧定螺钉的锁紧螺母是否有松动，若发现问题及时采取适当的维护措施。还应定期将安全阀拆下进行全面清洗、检查并重新研磨、整定后方可重新使用。安装在室外的安全阀要采取适当的防护措施，以防止雨、雾、尘埃、锈污等 脏物 侵入安全阀及排放管道，当环境低于摄氏零度时，还应采取必要的防冻措施以保证安全阀动作的可靠性。本类阀门在管道中一般应当按照工况正确安装。

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安全阀的主要参数是排量，这个排量决定于阀座的口径和阀瓣的开启高度，由开启高度不同，又分为微启式和全启式两种。微启式是指阀瓣的开启高度为阀座喉径的1/40～l/20。全启式是指阀瓣的开启高度为阀座喉径的1/4。

由操作压力决定安全阀的公称压力，由操作温度决定安全阀的使用温度范围，由计算出的安全阀的定压值决定弹簧或杠杆的定压范围，再根据使用介质决定安全阀的材质和结构型式，再根据安全阀泄放量计算出安全阀的喉径。以下为安全阀选用的一般规则。

 （l）热水锅炉一般用不封闭带扳手微启式安全阀。

（2）蒸汽锅炉或蒸汽管道一般用不封闭带扳手全启式安全阀 

（3）水等液体不可压缩介质一般用封闭微启式安全阀，或用安全泄放阀。

（4）高压给水一般用封闭全启式安全阀，如高压给水加热器、换热器等。 

（5）气体等可压缩性介质一般用封闭全启式安全阀，如储气罐、气体管道等。

（6）E级蒸汽锅炉一般用静重式安全阀。

（7）大口径，大排量及高压系统一般用脉冲式安全阀，如减温减压装置、电站锅炉等，如图8所示。

（8）运送液化气的火车槽车、汽车槽车、贮罐等一般用内装式安全阀，如图4所示。

（9）油罐顶部一般用液压安全阀，需与呼吸阀配合使用。

（10）井下排水或天然气管道一般用先导式安全阀，如图6所示。

（11）液化石油气站罐泵出口的液相回流管道上一般用安全回流阀。

（12）负压或操作过程中可能会产生负压的系统一般用真空负压安全阀。

（13）背压波动较大和有毒易燃的容器或管路系统一般用波纹管安全阀。

The safety valve has the spring type and the long rod two big kinds.Moreover also has the impulse type safety valve, the forerunner type safety valve, cuts the valve, the safe decompression valve, the static heavy -like safety valve safely and so on.The spring type safety valve mainly depends upon the spring the b to work, in the spring type safety valve also has the seal and does not seal up, general flammable, explosive or the virulent medium uses the enclosed type elected, the steam or the inert gas and so on may not select the enclosed type, also has the belt spanner in the spring type safety valve and does not bring the spanner.The release lever type safety valve main dependence release lever steelyard weight b works, but because the release lever type safety valve volume huge often limited has selected the scope.The temperature is high when selects the belt radiator the safety valve.
The safety valve is as the name suggests guarantees the pressure piping, the pressure vessel key safe application safeguard, in order to guarantee the safety valve the normal work and lengthens the safety valve the service life, should achieve in the periodic inspection movement in the use the safety valve whether divulges, card anti- and spring corrosion and so on freak occurrence, and pays attention to the observation adjustment nut and the adjustment circle clamping screw nail locking nut whether has becomes less crowded, if found the problem takes the suitable maintenance measure bly.After also should dismantle regularly the safety valve carries on the comprehensive clean, the inspection and grinds, the installation only then reuses.Installs must take the suitable protective measure in outdoor safety valve, prevents the rain, the fog, the dust, the rust dirt and so on the dirty invasion safety valve and the emissions pipeline, when the environment is lower than the Celsius zero degree, but also should take the essential frostproof measure to guarantee the safety valve movement the reliability.This kind of valve must defer to the operating mode correct installment generally in the pipeline.
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The safety valve main beter is a displacement, this displacement decided in the valve seat caliber and the valve petal opening altitude, is highly different by opening, also divides into micro opens the type and all opens the type two kinds.Micro opens the type is refers to the valve petal opening highly for valve seat throat diameter 1/40~l/20.All opens the type is refers to the valve petal opening highly for valve seat throat diameter 1/4.
By the service pressure decided the safety valve the nominal pressure, by the operating temperature decided the safety valve the application temperature scope, by the safety valve constant pressure value decision spring or the release lever constant pressure scope which calculates, again according to the use medium decided the safety valve the material quality and the structure pattern, figure out the safety valve again according to the safety valve draining gauge the throat diameter.Following general rule which selects for the safety valve.
The (l) hot water boiler generally with does not seal up the belt spanner micro to open the type safety valve.
(2) steam boiler or the steam conduit generally with do not seal up the belt spanner all to open the type safety valve
Liquids and so on (3) water cannot compress the medium with to seal up generally micro open the type safety valve, or uses the security escape valve.
(4) high pressure generally all opens the type safety valve for the water with the seal, like the high pressure gives the water heater, the heat interchanger and so on.
(5) gas and so on condensibility the medium generally all open the type safety valve with the seal, like gas tank, gas pipeline and so on.
The (6)E level steam boiler uses the static heavy -like safety valve generally.
(7) heavy-caliber, great displacement and high tension system generally with pulse type safety valve, like reduces the warm decompressor, the power plant boiler and so on, as shown in Figure 8.
(8) ships the liquid gas the train tank car, the automobile tank car, the accumulator tank and so on generally with the internal installation type safety valve, as shown in Figure 4.
(9) oil pot crown uses the hydraulic pressure safety valve generally, must with the respiration valve coordination use.
(10) mine shaft draining water or the gas line generally with the forerunner type safety valve, as shown in Figure 6.
(11) liquified petroleum gas station pot pump exports on the liquid phase backflow pipeline uses the security return valve generally.
In (12) negative pressure "OR" operation process possibly can produce the negative pressure system to use the vacuum negative pressure safety valve generally.
(13) back pressure undulation is big and the virulent flammable vessel or the circuitry uses the corrugated pipe safety valve generally.