IC693CPU313
IC693CPU313
IC693CPU313
CPU主要由运算器、控制器、寄存器及实现它们之间联系的数据、控制及状态总线构成,CPU单元还包括外围芯片、总线接口及有关电路。内存主要用于存储程序及数据,是PLC不可缺少的组成单元。
在使用者看来,不必要详细分析CPU的内部电路,但对各部分的工作机制还是应有足够的理解。CPU的控制器控制CPU工作,由它读取指令、解释指令及执行令。但工作节奏由震荡信号控制。运算器用于进行数字或逻辑运算,在控制器指挥下工作。寄存器参与运算,并存储运算的中间结果,它也是在控制器指挥下工作。
CPU速度和内存容量是PLC的重要参数,它们决定着PLC的工作速度,IO数量及软件容量等,因此限制着控制规模。
I/O模块
PLC与电气回路的接口,是通过输入输出部分(I/O)完成的。I/O模块集成了PLC的I/O电路,其输入暂存器反映输入信号状态,输出点反映输出锁存器状态。输入模块将电信号变换成数字信号进入PLC系统,输出模块相反。I/O分为开关量输入(DI),开关量输出(DO),模拟量输入(AI),模拟量输出(AO)等模块。
常用的I/O分类如下:
开关量:按电压水平分,有220VAC、110VAC、24VDC,按隔离方式分,有继电器隔离和晶体管隔离。
模拟量:按信号类型分,有电流型(4-20mA,0-20mA)、电压型(0-10V,0-5V,-10-10V)等,按精度分,有12bit,14bit,16bit等。
除了上述通用IO外,还有特殊IO模块,如热电阻、热电偶、脉冲等模块。
按I/O点数确定模块规格及数量,I/O模块可多可少,但其最大数受CPU所能管理的基本配置的能力,即受最大的底板或机架槽数限制。
电源模块
PLC电源用于为PLC各模块的集成电路提供工作电源。同时,有的还为输入电路提供24V的工作电源。电源输入类型有:交流电源(220VAC或110VAC),直流电源(常用的为24VDC)。
底板或机架
大多数模块式PLC使用底板或机架,其作用是:电气上,实现各模块间的联系,使CPU能访问底板上的所有模块,机械上,实现各模块间的连接,使各模块构成一个整体。
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