IC660EBA024
IC660EBA024
IC660EBA024
IC660EBA024
从不同方向发展起来的DCS在结构上、软件方面有些区别。仪表公司开发的DCS的控制器的软件部分比较符合仪表工程人员应用的习惯，特别是组态方式比较方便。计算机公司设计的DCS的相关软件的功能比较强大，人机界面比较友好。
从理论上来讲，DCS可以用于不同的工艺过程，它是通用的控制设备。但是，DCS的制造厂家可能专长于某一领域。如：HONEYWELL公司的早期产品TDC2000、TDC3000，主要用于石化部门。BAILEY公司的N90、INFI90主要用于电力系统，ROSEMOUNT公司的RS3、DeltaV大多用于化工系统。因为不同工艺过程会有一些特殊要求，如：石油化工部门一定要有选择性控制，电厂一定要有电调设备和事件顺序记录模块，造纸厂要有横向水分控制，水泥行业一定要有大纯滞后控制补偿等。因此选用DCS时考虑厂家的技术人员对本行业的工艺流程熟悉程度也是很有必要的。
2.2 现场总线系统（FCS）
2.2.1 现场总线
现场总线是应用在生产现场、在微机化测量控制设备之间实现双向串行多节点数字通信的系统，也被称为开放式、数字化、多点通信的底层控制网络。现场总线技术将专用微处理器置入传统的测量控制仪表中，使它们各自都有数字计算和数字通讯能力，采用可进行简单连接的双绞线作为总线，把多个测量控制仪表连接成网络系统，并按公开、规范的通讯协议，在位于现场的多个微机化测量控制设备之间以及总线仪表与远程监控计算机之间实现数据传输与信息交换，形成各种适应实际需要的自动化控制系统。
现场总线是当今自动化领域技术发展的热点之一，被誉为自动化领域的计算机局域网。它的出现标志着工业控制技术领域又一个新时代的开始，其特点主要表现在以下方面。
(1) 全数字化:将企业管理与生产自动化有机结合一直是工业界梦寐以求的理想，但只有FCS出现以后这种理想才有可能高效、低成本地实现。在采用FCS的企业中，用于生产管理的局域网能够与用于自动控制的现场总线网络紧密衔接。此外，数字化信号固有的高精度、抗干扰特性也能提高控制系统的可靠性。
(2) 全分布式:在FCS中各现场设备有足够的自主性，它们彼此之间相互通信，完全可以把各种控制功能分散到各种设备中，而不再需要一个中央控制计算机，实现真正的分布式控制。
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